4/0: 4/0 is a trade designation for a printed piece with four colors (full color) printing on the front side and no printing on the back side.

4/1: 4/1 is a trade designation for a printed piece with four colors (full color) printing on the front side and one color printing on the back side.

4/4: 4/4 is a trade designation for a printed piece with four colors (full color) on the front side and four colors (full color) printing on the back side.

Art Work: Any materials or images that are prepared for graphic reproduction.

Bindery : Various methods of securing folded sections together and or fastening them to a cover, to form single copies of a book.

Bleed : Extra ink area that crosses trim line, used to allow for variations that occur when the reproduction is trimmed or die-cut.

Brightness: I n paper, brightness is the reflectance or brilliance of the paper.

Brochure : A pamphlet that is bound in booklet form.

Coated Stock : Any paper that has a mineral coating applied after the paper is made, giving the paper a smoother finish.

Copy : Refers to any typewritten material, art, photos etc., to be used for the printing process.

Cover : A term describing a general type of papers used for the covers of books, pamphlets etc.

Crop Mark : Markings at edges of original or on guide sheet to indicate the area desired in reproduction with negative or plate trimmed (cropped) at the markings.

Die : Design, letters or shapes, cut into metal (mostly brass) for stamping book covers or embossing. An engraved stamp used for impressing an image or design.

Die Cutting : A method of using sharp steel ruled stamps or rollers to cut various shapes i.e. labels, boxes, image shapes, either post press or in line. The process of cutting paper in a shape or design by the use of a wooden die or block in which are positioned steel rules in the shape of the desired pattern.

Digital Proof : Color separation data is digitally stored and then exposed to color photographic paper creating a picture of the final product before it is actually printed.

DPI: Abbreviation for dots per inch.

Dull Finish : Any matte finished paper.

Dummy : A term used to describe the preliminary assemblage of copy and art elements to be reproduced in the desired finished product; also called a comp.

Duotone : Color reproduction from monochrome original. Keyplate usually printed in dark color for detail, second plate printed in light flat tints. A two-color halftone reproduction generated from a one-color photo.

Embossing : To raise in relief a design or letters already printed on card stock or heavy paper by an uninked block or die. In rubber and plastic plate making the process is usually done by heat.

Estimate : The form used by the printer to calculate the project for the print buyer. This form contains the basic parameters of the project including size, quantity, colors, bleeds, photos etc.

Foils : Papers that have a surface resembling metal.

Font : The characters which make up a complete typeface and size.

Four-Color Printing: Four-color printing is the process by cyan, magenta, yellow, and blank inks are used to create a full color image.

Gripper : A series of metal fingers that hold each sheet of paper as it passes through the various stages of the printing process.

Indicia : Markings pre-printed on mailing envelopes to replace the stamp.

Inserts : Extra printed pages inserted loosely into printed pieces.

Layout : A rendition that shows the placement of all the elements, roughs, thumbnails etc., of the final printed piece before it goes to print.

Linen : A paper that emulates the look and texture of linen cloth.

Make Rready : Process of adjusting final plate on the press to fine tune or modify plate surface.

Match Print : Photographic proof made from all color flats and form composite proof showing color quality as well as accuracy, layout, and imposition before plates are made.

Matte Finish : A coated paper finish that goes through minimal calendaring. Reference, calendaring.

Offset : The most commonly used printing method, whereby the printed material does not receive the ink directly from the printing plate but from an intermediary cylinder called a blanket which receives the ink from the plate and transfers it to the paper.

Opacity : Quality of papers that defines its opaqueness or ability to prevent two-sided printing from showing through.

Opaque : A quality of paper that allows relatively little light to pass through.

Perforating : Punching small holes or slits in a sheet of paper or cardboard to facilitate tearing along a desired line.

PMS: Abbreviation for pantone matching systems.

Primary Colors : In printing the four primary colors are cyan (blue), magenta (red), yellow and black.

Register Marks : Any crossmarks or other symbols used on layout to assure proper registration.

Saddle Stitching : Stitching where the wire staples pass through the spine from the outside and are clinched in the center. Only used with folded sections, either single sections or two or more sections inset to form a single section.

Satin Finish : A smooth delicately embossed finished paper with sheen.

Score : Impressions or cuts in flat material to facilitate bending or tearing.

Self Cover : A cover made out of the same paper stock as the internal sheets.

Spine : Back edge of a book.

Spiral Bind : A binding whereby a wire or plastic is spiraled through holes punched along the binding side.

Spot Color : Small area printed in a second color.

Stock : A term for unprinted paper or other material to be printed.

Text : A high quality printing paper.

Trim Marks : Marks placed on the sheet to indicate where to cut the page.

UV Coating: UV Coating is the liquid applied to a printed sheet, then bonded and cured with ultraviolet light. This coating yields a tough, almost unscratchable surface that is extremely durable.

Varnish : A clear shiny ink used to add gloss to printed pieces. The primary component of the ink vehicle. Reference, vehicle.

Wove : A smooth paper made on finely textured wire that gives the paper a gentle patterned finish.